Topic 2 : Non-English Musical, Technical and other terms

  Achala
Immovable notes in the Octave. These do not have a lower and a higher version. They include Shadja, and Pancham.
  Adhar Swara
  An additional note used to support a Swara
  Ati-Tara
  Extremely high pitched.
  Besur
  Non-melodious. Out of tune.
  Bharatmuni
  An ancient Indian Scholar, the author of Natya-Shastra, a treatise on Music and Dance.
  Bharat Ratna
  The highest honour in India conferred by Government of India.
  Bhava
  Relationship or Ratio.
  Bhedasthana
  The alternative version of the note.
  Chadha/i
  Note of a higher frequency
  Chakra
  Wheel
  Dha
  Short form of Dhaivat. Equivalent of 'La' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Dhaivat in the Octave. One, Komal Dhaivat, and the other, Shuddha Dhaivat.
  Dhaivat
  Equivalent of 'La' in Western Classical music.
  Dvavinshak
  The Indian Saptak (Scale) consisting of 22 Shrutis
  Eka
  One
  Eka-Shruti
  At a distance of one Shruti.
  Ga
  Short form of Gandhar. Equivalent of 'Mi' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Gandhar in the Octave. One, Komal Gandhar, and the other, Shuddha Gandhar.
  Gandhar
  Equivalent of 'Mi' in Western Classical music.
  Guru
  Teacher
  Hindustani
  Indian. Usually used to denote 'North' Indian music.
  Jod Swaras
  Additional notes used to link 2 Swaras
  Kana Sparsha
  A note used slightly or taken quickly in transit
  Karnatak
  Denotes 'South' Indian music.
  Kharja
  Low pitched, Bass, also called as 'Mandra'.
  Komal
  Signifies lower (flat) version of the note.
  Komal Dha
  9th note in the Octave.
  Komal Ga
  4th note in the Octave.
  Komal Ni
  11th note in the Octave.
  Komal Re
  2nd note in the Octave.
  Kramasthana
  The sequential version of the note.
  Ma
  Short form of Madhyam. Equivalent of 'Fa' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Madhyam in the Octave. One, Shuddha Madhyam, and the other, Teevra Madhyam.
  Madhya
  Medium (normal) pitched.
  Madhyam
  Equivalent of 'Fa' in Western Classical music.
  Mandra
  Low pitched, Bass, also called as 'Kharja'.
  Nadaguna
  When the source object of sound vibrates to produce different harmonics, their mixture is interpreted by the human ear as having a 'particular' quality. This Harmonic profile of the source is termed as "Timbre" or "Nadaguna", and is very characteristic of the source.
  Nirman
  Creation
  Natya-Shastra
  a treatise on Music and Dance written by Bharatmuni, an ancient Indian scholar
  Ni
  Short form of Nishad. Equivalent of 'Ti' in Western Classical music. There are 2 notes of Nishad in the Octave. One, Komal Nishad, and the other, Shuddha Nishad.
  Nyasa
  Holding of note in a steady manner.
  Nyuna Shruti
  Ratio of 1.041666666 (25/24) existing between the 3rd and the 4th Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals.
  Padmashree
  An honour conferred by the Govt. of India on exemplary contribution.
  Pancham
  Equivalent of 'So' in Western classical music. 8th note in the Octave.
  Pancha-maha-bhootas
  The big and essential 5 elements of the world, namely, the fire, water, earth, air and space.
  Parampara
  Tradition.
  Poornna Shruti
  Ratio of 1.053497942 (256/243) existing between the 1st and the 2nd Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals.
  Poorvanga
  The proximal (S:P) portion of Raga/Octave.
  Prakrut
   Natural.
  Pramana Shruti
  Ratio of 1.0125 (81/80) existing between the 2nd Shruti and 3rd Shruti and repeating later at regular intervals.
  Raga
  The perceptible creation of a 'musical design' made by using selected notes in the Octave, by traditional methods of rendering these notes.
  Raga sangeet
  Music created by Raga.
  Re
  Short form of Rishabha. Equivalent of 'Re' in Western Classical music.There are 2 notes of Rishabha in the Octave. One, Komal Rishabha, and the other, Shuddha Rishabha.
  Sa
  Short form of Shadja. Fundamental or the 1st note in the Octave. Equivalent of 'Do' in Western Classical music.
  Samvad
  Musical relationship.
  Samsad
  A musical body.
  Saptak
  Octave.
  Shadja
  The fundamental tone or 1st note in the Octave.
  Shishya
  Student.
  Shruti
  Musical note. There are 22 basic musical notes within an Octave as per Indian Classical Music.
  Shrutyantara
  Distance between different musical notes.
  Shuddha
  Seven basic notes in the Saptak, namely, S, R, G, M, P, D, N. Also called as 'Prakrut' (Natural notes).
  Shuddha Dha
  10th note in the Octave.
  Shuddha Ga
  5th note in the Octave.
  Shuddha Ma
  6th note in the Octave.
  Shuddha Ni
  12th note in the Octave.
  Shuddha Re
  3rd note in the Octave.
  Surel
  Melodious. In tune.
  Swara
  A musical note selected from 22 basic musical notes or Shrutis for performance (in a raga).
  Susamvad
  Consonance.
  Swarakshetra
  A 'range' of individual frequencies, which are all identified as the 'same' musical note for 10 notes in a Saptkak (excluding Shadja and Pancham)
  Swayambhu
  Naturally created.
  Tanpura
  A tradionally used musical instrument (of well-tuned strings) in India creating a backdrop of harmonic musical sounds on which a classical performance is made.
  Tara
  High pitched.
  Teevra
  Signifies a higher (sharp) version of the note.
  Teevra Ma
  7th note in the Octave.
  Teevratama
  Signifies a still higher version of note than the Teevra version.
  Utara/i
  Note of a lower frequency
  Uttaranga
  The distal (P:S') portion of a Raga/Octave.
  Vikrut
  Five notes in the Octave excluding, Shuddha notes. They signify flat or sharp versions. They are r, g, m, d, n.


END OF TOPIC 2



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