Topic 45: Summary of 22 Shrutis

The characteristics of generated 22 Shrutis are:

  1. 1
    The 24 Shrutis arise from the Natural Shruti-Nirman-Chakras out of which 22 are selected.
  2. 2
    All 22 Shrutis complete a SRGM based mathematical cycle from Shadja to Upper Shadja accurately.
  3. 3
    The 7 Natural swaras come accurately at their natural places.
  4. 4
    The 3 extremely accurate Adjacent Ratios operate systematically and sequentially from Shadja to Upper Shadja. (Namely Poorna Shruti, Pramana Shruti and Nyuna Shruti)
  5. 5
    The Mathematics are applicable to any Shadja (irrespective of the frequency of the starting Shadja).
  6. 6
    Shadja-Madhyam Bhava exists between all the Shrutis.
  7. 7
    Shadja-Pancham Bhava exists between all the Shrutis.
  8. 8
    The 22 Shrutis are placed at Equiratioal points between S-S', S-P, S-M and S-g distances.
  9. 9
    Many of these Shrutis have been known since ancient times, as a part of Ancient musical scales (Just Intonation, Pythagorean, Mesopotamian/Greek).
  10. 10
    All 22 shrutis are interconnected by Shadja:Gandhar and Shadja:Pancham relationship only.
  11. 11
    When 22 shrutis are played on "22-Shruti Harmonium","22-Shruti-Metallophone", or "22-Shruti Veena", or if we sing with the same, they make wonderful, melodic and extremely harmonic Indian Classical Music.
  12. 12
    There is no dissonance even when several Shrutis in any Raga are played together on the 22-Shruti-Harmonium. This experience is not possible on Violin, Sarangi, Sitar, Sarod, Flute etc.


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  1. I think Dr. Oke's discovery of the pattern that relates the 22 shrutis to the natural harmonic series is a profound achievement of international historical significance!

    Alexander J.Ellis, in his appendix to Professor Helmholtz's book 'On The Sensations of Tone' shows in article 18, in section E of appendix XX, on page 463, a Duodenarium. It arrays 117 of notes of an octave, in just intonation, into rows and columns. There is a box drawn around 12 notes in the center that are arrayed in 3 columns by 4 rows. If the center column of the box is extended up by 4 rows, and extended down by 4 rows, as well as extending the left column up by 1 row, and the right column down by 1 row, the notes grouped in this extended box are the 22 shrutis identified by Dr. Oke. Mr. Ellis was apparently not aware that his Duodenarium showed all of the shrutis of Indian classical music symmetrically grouped together around the central 12 notes. The two unused notes of the higher Shadja at 22 cents, and lower Pancham at 680 can be found nearby.
    https://archive.org/details/onsensationsofto00helmrich/page/462/mode/2up

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