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The names of Swaras and Shrutis are different - in the Hindustani and Carnatic systems. They are given in the following table, along with the names of Swaras in respective systems in bracket. |
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* Shat-sruthi Rishabham as a swara can not have Pancha-sruthi Rishabham as a sruthi ! Hence, this Swara should be called as 'Pancha-sruthi Rishabham or Sadharana Gandharam' only. |
Ratios are important to a musician – because they indicate the exact 'position' where the shruti can be played on 'any' string. e.g, 15/8 for Tara Nishad or Kakali Nishadam means that if the string was divided in 15 parts, the shruti can be played on the 8th part (8/15 = 53.33% length of the string). Similarly, 243/128 indicates that if the string was divided in 243 parts, the shruti can be played on the 128th part (128/243 = 52.67 % length of the string). |
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Gamakams - in Carnatic Music is the basic process of Music creation in which the 'Sruthis' are connected by 'Nadas' in between. Here, a 'stay' is made on Sruthis (for > 20 msec, the time required by the human ear to identify a musical note), and the 'connecting' Nadas are taken faster/quicker (for < 20 msec so that the human ear can 'hear' the Nada, but can not identify the Swara !). The process of creating music in the Hindustani system is also exactly the same. The difference in the 2 systems is only in terms of the 'way' in which the 'connecting' Nadas are used. Basic 12 Swaras and 22 Shrutis remain the same.
12 Swaras have 16 Names - in Carnatic system. This is so because of the essential rule that in Sampoorna Ragas (with all 7 notes), the notes should be pronounced in a sequence ONLY, as Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da, Ni. Hence, e.g.,
Thus, in the above 4 situations, 4 swaras are named 'differently' in Carnatic system to indicate a 'Vikruta' swara (with a different pronunciation). Hence, 12 swaras have 16 names in Carnatic system. 72 Thataas - are used in Carnatic system and this is a neater and well-structured system than the arbitrary 10-Thaata Hindustani system. Hindustani system will have to graduate to the systematic Carnatic Thaata system in future, to get rid of the current mismatching of Ragas and Thaats. |
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