What Is The Meaning of a "Shruti" ?


 There are 12 universally identifiable notes ('Swaraprakar' in Sanskrit) in any Octave (Saptak). As we play them from one end on any string, the perception of each of these 12 changes 'only' at 22 points given by nature (See numbers in green in the slide below). The sounds produced at these 22 points are the '22 Shrutis' and the 3 types of distances in-between are called as 'Shrutyantara' (in Sanskrit) (See Legend below). 

- Dr. Vidyadhar Oke


Evolution of 22 Shrutis from 1 Shadja








The % positions of 22 shrutis 

1) For hearing accurate sounds of 22 shrutis shown in diagram,

Click here and DOWNLOAD “22 Shrutis in 500 Ragas” App for Android phones from Google Play Store for FOR FREE

2) For playing 22 shrutis in all 12 scales, click the following link and visit "Hear the shrutis" section.






22 Shruti Video / Audio




  • "Application of 22 Shruti Harmonium"
    Dr. Oke at 2nd World Harmonium Summit

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  • "22 Shrutis Simplified"
    Chapter 1: In a Nutshell

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  • "22 Shrutis Simplified"
    Chapter 2: The Fundamentals

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  • "22 Shrutis Simplified"
    Chapter 3: The Science Behind It

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  • "22 Shrutis Simplified"
    Chapter 4: Demonstrations by Authorities on Indian Classical Music

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  • "22 Shrutis Simplified"
    Chapter 5: How to Tune & Use

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  • Dr. Oke's interview at Swarabandh, 2018

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  • World Harmonium Summit 2018 - Lecture Demonstration on 22 Shruti Harmonium by Dr Vidyadhar Oke
    World Harmonium Summit 2018 - Lec-Dem on 22 Shruti Harmonium by Dr Vidyadhar Oke

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  • Science of Shrutis - A Lecture Demonstration by Dr. Vidyadhar Oke
    Lec-Dem at Dept. of Music, Mumbai University by Dr. Oke

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  • Science of Shrutis - A Lecture Demonstration by Dr. Vidyadhar Oke
    Science of Shrutis
    Lec-Dem by
    Dr. Vidyadhar Oke.

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  • Dr.Oke at TED-X
    The science of music
    Dr.Oke at TED-X


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  • Lec Demo on 22 Shrutis
    Lecture Demo on
    22 Shrutis by
    Dr. Vidyadhar Oke.

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  • Lec Demo on 22 Shrutis
    Audio Gyan - Understanding 22 Shrutis with Dr. Vidyadhar Oke - Part 1.

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  • Lec Demo on 22 Shrutis
    Audio Gyan - Understanding 22 Shrutis with Dr. Vidyadhar Oke - Part 2.

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  • Interview of Dr. Vidyadhar Oke. Courtesy : All India Radio, Ratnagiri.
    Interview of Dr. Vidyadhar Oke. Courtesy : All India Radio, Ratnagiri.

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  • Dr. Oke explains the difference between Nada and Shruti
    Difference between Nada and Shruti.


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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke shows the precise 22 Shruti positions in Indian Classical Music on the 22 Shruti Veena
    Precise 22 Shruti positions on the
    22 Shruti Veena.

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke shows the placement of 22 Shrutis in a Harmonium
    Placement of
    22 Shrutis in a
    22 Shruti Harmonium.

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke demonstrates Raag Todi and Multani on 22 Shruti Harmonium
    Raag Todi and Multani on 22 Shruti Harmonium.

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke demonstrates Pooriya and Marwa on 22 Shruti Harmonium
    Raag Pooriya and Marwa on 22 Shruti Harmonium.

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke demonstrates Bhoop and Deshkar on 22 Shruti Harmonium
    Raag Bhoop and Deshkar on 22 Shruti Harmonium.

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  • How to play Accordian on 22 Shruti Harmonium
    How to play Accordian on 22 Shruti Harmonium.

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  • How to play Accordian on 22 Shruti Harmonium
    Chords on 22 Shruti Harmonium.


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  • Dr. Sangeeta Shankar on 22 Shrutis
    Dr. Sangeeta Shankar on 22 Shrutis
    (Workshop at B.H.U)

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  • Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma, Mumbai TV, 1980
    Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma
    Mumbai TV, 1980

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  • Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma, USA, 1987
    Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma
    USA, 1987

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  • Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma, Mumbai TV, 1980
    Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma
    Mumbai TV, 1980

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  • Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma, USA, 1987
    Dr.Oke accompanying Padmashri Manik Varma
    USA, 1987

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  • Dr. Oke accompanying Asha Bhosale at a Doordarshan recording in 1978.
    Dr. Oke accompanying Asha Bhosale at a Doordarshan recording in 1978.

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  • Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a Doordarshan concert in 1982.
    Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a Doordarshan concert in 1982.

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  • Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a private concert in 1991
    Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a private concert in 1991.

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  • Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a private concert in 1991
    Dr. Oke accompanying the maestro Late Pt. Govindrao Patwardhan at a private concert in 1991.

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke playing the harmonium at the BMM convention in Houstan, USA in 1995
    Dr. Vidyadhar Oke playing the harmonium at the BMM convention in Houstan, USA in 1995

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  • Dr. Vidyadhar Oke at Alladiya Khan Saheb Samaroha
    Dr. Vidyadhar Oke at Alladiya Khan Saheb Samaroha

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  • Dr. Oke at a private concert in Mumbai in 2006.
    Dr. Oke at a private concert in Mumbai in 2006.

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  • Dr.Oke at 50 year Celebration of passing out of King George High School, Mumbai, India (2018)
    Dr. Oke at 50 year Celebration of passing out of King George High School. Mumbai, India (2018)

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Stalwarts Who Have Appreciated The 22 Shruti Research & Instruments


(Note* - Hold mouse on photographs to see the opinion/experience of the stalwart. Click on arrows on right and left to see additional opinions)

  • This extraordinary work should be given and awarded due and deserving recognition.
  • No one has done such accurate research work before.
  • Very useful work indeed. You should take it to Vocalists.
  • Begam Parveen Sultana said - 'Music should be taught like this'. Ustad Dilshad Khan said - 'Itna surila Harmonium maine aaj tak nahi suna tha ( I had not seen such a melodic harmonium in my life )'
  • Chahe koi mane ya na mane, ye hakikat hai (Whether people accept or not, this work is the ultimate truth ).
  • His work would undoubtedly be useful to both music students and practitioners
  • I would recommend a Nobel Prize to Pt.Vidyadhar Oke for this outstanding research work. I strongly suggest that his 22-Shruti-Harmonium should be made mandatory, to all Indian Classical Vocalists in the world.
  • Oke Sahab, aap itna bada karnama kar ke gumnamime kaise rah sakate hai ? Ek karyakram rakhate hai jis me mai aap ke saath sangat karunga (Dr.Oke sahab, in spite of doing such laudable research, how have you remained in anonymity ? Let us organize a programme in which, I will do accompaniment to you).
  • Very tuneful addition !
  • India's seniormost north-indian classical violinist, Pt. D. K. Datar inaugurated the 22 shruti website, 22shrutiharmonium.com at the 2nd inuguration function at Vile Parle, Mumbai, in 2008.
  • Shrutiyonke vishaymein Sahab Oke ki malumat gajhab ki hai. (The knowledge of Oke sahib as regards 22 shrutis is astonishing)
  • You have solved the problem of shrutis in Harmonium. Now, get us the meend on your instrument.
  • The evolution of this formula has set at rest all the past discussions and disputes over the positions of shrutis- an achievement that will be written in golden letters in the history of music.
  • Very good work. I shall try to show this to Lataji
  • The work is excellent and no one is likely to do this in future (Na Bhuto Na Bhavishyati !)
  • Very good research
  • The relationship of Music and Mathematics shown by Dr.Oke is significant
  • Extremely useful contribution !
  • Dr.Oke may not get Nobel for this work. But it is OK because even Newton never received a Nobel Prize !
  • Every Musician must see this work
  • I was believing that producing accurate notes on a string is all Art. Now I know that it is Mathematics !
  • The grandson of Late Pt. Vasantrao Deshpande, and a prolific Indian Classical singer, Rahul Deshpande inaugurated the 22 shruti harmonium by using it for his accompaniment at the 'Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsava' in the year 2007, at Pune, and continues to use it for all his concerts.
  • Pt. Mahesh Kale was very happy to see the 22 shruti harmonium and learn the Shruti relationships governing various raagas.
  • I shall help to bring this work into the forefront and Academics

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